| Historical Events and Intellectual Life | Art and Architecture | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1150-1200 | |||
| 1170 | Assassination of Thomas á Becket in Canterbury cathedral | 1137-40 | St. Denis, west front and choir |
| 1173 | Canonisation of St. Thomas á Becket | c. 1150 | Chartres cathedral, west portals |
| 1180 | Accession of Philip Augustus as King of France | 1175 | Canterbury cathedral rebuilt by William of Sens |
| 1182 | Birth of St. Francis of Assisi | 1180-1212 | Soissons cathedral |
| 1182 | Capture of Jerusalem by Saladdin | ||
| 1200-1250 | |||
| c. 1200 | University of Paris founded | 1211-41 | Rheims cathedral, choir and transepts |
| 1202-04 | Fourth Crusade | c. 1220 | Chartres, Miracles of the Virgin window |
| 1204 | Capture and Sack of Constantinople by the crusaders, founding of the Latin empire of Constantinople | c. 1220 | Canterbury cathedral, Trinity chapel |
| 1209 | Foundation of Franciscan order by St. Francis of Assisi | 1220-30 | Amiens cathedral, west front and nave |
| c. 1214 | Birth of Roger Bacon, Franciscan monk and scientist, in England | c. 1220-30 | Bible Moralisée |
| 1215 | King John of England forced to sign Magna Carta, codifying individual, social, and commercial reforms | 1228-53 | San Francesco, Assisi |
| 1220 | Election of Frederick II as Holy Roman Emperor. Relations with the papacy deteriorate throughout his reign | c. 1230 | Rheims, Virgin of the Annunciation |
| c. 1220 | Oxford University founded | c. 1230-33 | Rheims, Visitation group |
| 1223 | Death of Philip Augustus | c. 1230-40 | William de Brailes LastJudgment |
| 1225 | Birth of St. Thomas Aquinas, pre-eminent Catholic theologian of the Gothic period | 1230-50 | Wells cathedral, sculpture on the west front |
| 1225-35 | Roman de la Rose (part I) written by Guillaume de Lorris (d. c. 1235) | c. 1235 | Amiens cathedral, triforium and clerestorey |
| 1226 | Death of St. Francis of Assisi | 1235-40 | The Bamberg Rider |
| 1241-48 | Sainte Chapelle, Paris | ||
| c. 1245-55 | Rheims, Angel of the Annunciation | ||
| c. 1250 | Rathaus, Lübeck | ||
| 1250-1300 | |||
| 1250 | Death of Frederick II | c. 1260 | Saint Louis Psalter |
| c. 1268 | The Livre des metiers (regulations of the city's guilds) published in Paris by Etienne Boileau | c. 1267 | Birth of Giotto di Bondone |
| 1271-95 | Marco Polo journeys to China | 1278 | Duccio di Buoninsegna in Siena |
| 1274 | Death of St. Thomas Aquinas | 1285 | Duccio: Rucellai Madonna |
| 1275-80 | Roman de la Rose (part II) written by Jean de Meung or Clopinel (c. 1240-c. 1305) | 1288-1309 | Palazzo Publicco, Siena |
| c. 1292 | Death of Roger Bacon | 1290-93 | William de Torel: tomb of Eleanor de Castile |
| 1294 | Building begun of Santa Croce, Florence | ||
| 1300-1350 | |||
| c.1300 | Birth of St Bridget of Sweden | 1305-10 | Giotto di Bondone: frescoes in the Arena Chapel, Padua |
| 1303 | Pope Boniface VIII imprisoned | 1306-45 | Pietro Lorenzetti active in Siena |
| 1304 | Birth of Petrarch | 1308-11 | Duccio di Buoninsegna: Maestà |
| 1307 | Dante begins the Divine Comedy | 1317 | Life of St. Denis (MS) |
| 1309 | Papacy forced to leave Rome, which is in the hands of the Holy Roman Emperors. Establishes papal court at Avignon in southern France | 1330 | Abbey church of St Peter, Gloucester, begun |
| 1314 | First public clock (in Italy) | 1330-34 | Taddeo Gaddi: Baroncelli chapel, Santa Croce, Florence |
| 1328 | Death of Charles IV of France. Edward III of England asserts dynastic claim to throne of France, and precipitates Hundred Years' War (1330-1453) | 1334-42 | Papal palace, Avignon |
| 1348-49 | Epidemic in Europe of bubonic plague (the Black Death) | 1338-40 | Ambrogio Lorenzetti at work on the frescoes in the Palazzo Publicco, Siena |
| 1349 | Death of William of Ockham | before 1339 | Psalter of Robert de Lisle |
| 1343 | Wall-paintings in the Chambre du Cerf, Avignon | ||
| 1346-52 | Tommaso da Modena: chapter hall of S. Niccolo, Treviso | ||
| 1350-1400 | |||
| 1356 | English defeat the French at the Battle of Poitiers | c. 1365 | Master Theodoric: murals in the chapel of the Holy Cross, Karlstein castle |
| 1364 | Accession of Charles V as King of France | c. 1373 | Designs for the Apocalypse tapestries commissioned from Jean de Bondol, painter to the King, by Louis I of Anjou |
| 1373 | Death of St Bridget of Sweden | 1385 | Claus Sluter enters the service of the Dukes of Burgundy |
| 1374 | Death of Petrarch | 1386 | Birth of Donatello (Donato di Nicolo) |
| 1377 | Papal court returns to Rome | 1399 | Tower of Strasbourg cathedral begun |
| 1377 | Death of Edward III, accession of Richard II, King of England | ||
| 1380 | Death of Charles V, King of France | ||
| 1399 | Death of Richard II, King of England | ||
| 1400-1450 | |||
| 1400 | Death of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales | c. 1400 | Revelations of St. Bridget of Sweden |
| 1403 | Christine de Pisan writes the Livre de la Mutation de Fortune | c. 1402 | Tomb of Cardinal de la Grange |
| 1415 | The religious reformer Jan Hus is burned at the stake as a heretic in Konstanz on the Swiss border | c. 1410 | Salle de Fortune manuscript (Paris) |
| 1415 | English defeat French at the Battle of Agincourt | c. 1410 | Master of the Middle Rhineland Virgin in a Garden |
| 1416 | Death of Jean, Duc de Berry | c. 1415 | Trés Riches Heures of the Duc de Berry by the Limbourg brothers |
| 1417 | Great papal Schism ended by election of Martin V as Pope | c. 1420 | Meister Francke Man of Sorrows |
| 1431 | Joan of Arc burnt at the stake by English forces in France | 1434 | Jan van Eyck paints The Arnolfini Marriage |
| 1432 | The Council of Basel discusses church reform | c. 1443 | Work begun on the house of Jacques Coeur, Bruges |
| 1435 | Leon Battista Alberti writes Della Pittura | 1445 | Werk begun on the choir of St. Lawrence, Nuremberg |
| 1446-50 | Gutenberg invents movable type and printing press | ||
| 1450-1500 | |||
| 1451 | Downfall of Jacques Coeur | 1471 | Birth of Albrecht Durer |
| 1453 | Fall of Constantinople to the Turks | 1489 | Bendict Ried begins work on Prague castle |