Gonzaga family
Landowners who ruled Mantua from 1328 (Luigi I elected capitano), raised by Imperial concession to the titles of marquis (1433 ) and duke (1530); the duchy of Monferrato was added by marriage arrangements (1531). They assumed a military role as condottieri and were notable patrons of learning and the arts; their stable régime extended into the Church (a succession of Gonzaga cardinals began with Francesco, 1461-83), and cadet branches ruled minor principalities (Bozzolo, Guastalla, Sabbioneta) in the 16th century. Genetically unhealthy, the direct line ended with Vincenzo II (d. 1627).
