The decoration of the Early Christian churches, and particularly of the basilicas, was mostly with mosaics. The largest series of early mosaic decorations in Rome are the panels on the triumphal arch and the nave walls of Santa Maria Maggiore of c. 432-40.

The nave mosaics depict Old Testament stories of heroes and patriarchs beginning with Abraham, taken mainly from the Books of Exodus and Joshua. Only 27 of the original 42 mosaic scenes remain. These mosaics are notable because they are somewhat realistic representations, often of miraculous events, with landscapes, blue skies, architecture in a kind of perspective, and modelled figures.

The triumphal arch mosaics are less realistic than those on the nave wall with static figures and a predominance of gold. These continuous scenes focus on New Testament events and symbolism relating to the infancy of Jesus. Mary, as Mother of God, is depicted as queen of Heaven, usually enthroned and dressed regally. Jesus is often depicted as a youth or young adult, not as an infant or child. The bottom register on one side depicts Bethlehem, the city of David, the king from whose descendants Jesus was born, and on the other, Jerusalem, the place of Jesus' death and resurrection. Twelve sheep, six on each side look out the gates of each city.

Despite extensive restoration and some losses the mosaics are the most important Early Christian narrative series extant.

Preview	Picture Data	Info
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Photo Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Decoration of the nave 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Scenes from the life of Joshua 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Scenes from the life of Joshua 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Scene from the life of Joshua 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Hospitality of Abraham 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Hospitality of Abraham 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Hospitality of Abraham (detail) 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Hospitality of Abraham (detail) 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Scenes from the life of Moses 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Crossing of the Red Sea 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Old Testament scenes 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Rachel returning from the fields 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Jerusalem 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Bethlehem 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
	Mosaic decoration 432-40 Mosaic Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome