LEONARDO da Vinci
(b. 1452, Vinci, d. 1519, Cloux, near Amboise)

Map of Tuscany and the Chiana Valley

c.1502
Black chalk, pen, ink and colour on paper, 338 x 488 mm
Royal Library, Windsor

This general map of Tuscany and the Chiana Valley probably dates from the time when Leonardo was in the service of Cesare Borgia. It is presumably a strategic map produced for Borgia, for the place and river names have been recorded carefully. It may also have been produced in connection with Leonardo's plans to build a canal from Florence to the sea. Damming Lake Chiana was meant to guarantee a sufficient water supply for the canal, even during the dry season.