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Though suffering and triumph co-existed in late fourth-century art, until now Christian art in Rome had never included violent scenes, even martyrdoms or Christ's passion. However, there are rare and moving scenes of martyrdom. The earliest is the fourth-century carving on the column of a small tabernacle in the underground basilica of Santi Nereo e Achilleo in the catacombs of Domitilla. The martyrdom of Achilleus is represented, led to death by a Roman soldier, his hands bound behind his back.
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