MINIATURIST, German
(active 1210s in Weingarten)

Berthold Sacramentary, folio 2v

1215-17
Manuscript (MS M.710), vellum, 293 x 204 mm
The Morgan Library and Museum, New York

The picture shows folio 2v, the first page of the liturgical calendar (January) listing the dates of celebrations of saints and mysteries of Jesus in Christianity. Because this is a Sacramentary, the imagery is tightly aligned with the liturgical calendar. The sacramentary's liturgical function shapes the iconography: major feasts receive full-page miniatures, minor feasts receive historiated initials.

The iconographic program reinforces the performative nature of the Mass: images appear at points where the celebrant's ritual action is most intense. This functional integration is more pronounced than in Psalters or Books of Hours.