MINIATURIST, German
(active 1210s in Weingarten)

Berthold Sacramentary, folio 10v

1215-17
Manuscript (MS M.710), vellum, 293 x 204 mm
The Morgan Library and Museum, New York

The picture shows folio 10v with a full-page miniature depicting the Crucifixion. The symbols of the Four Evangelists (the Tetramorph) are placed dynamically in the four corners of the miniature. The Evangelists are St John (the Eagle), top left; St Matthew (the Angel), top right; St Mark (the Lion), bottom left; St Luke (the Bull), bottom right.

The figures in the miniature emerge from a heavily burnished, mirror-like gold leaf background, creating a spatial contrast with the deep blue and red pigments used for the bodies and clothing. The heavy application of gold leaf is typical of early 13th-century German manuscript painting from Weingarten Abbey.