MINIATURIST, French
(active 1220s in Champagne or Paris)

Bible moralisée

1220s
Manuscript (Codex Vindobonensis 2554), 344 x 260 mm
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

The kind of bible known as Bible moralisée originated at the French royal court during the first thirty years of the 13th century. These bibles used interrelated medallions or rondels (eight per page) as well as marginal texts to interpret bible passages.

The eight medallions on folio 5v demonstrate the didactic narrative structure of this kind of bible codex. The themes represented in the rondels reflect the medieval principle of typology. This method of bible interpretation compares Old Testament and New Testament events and explains the latter as being a heightening of the former.